Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 50.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967); common length : 11.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35840)
Environment
Marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942)
Climate / Range
Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059), preferred ?; 45°N - 32°S
Distribution
Africa to Oceania: Red Sea and East Africa and most inland freshwater bodies over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Common in coastal and estuarine waters from austral Africa and Madagascar to India and south of China.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 7;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 8-9;
Anal
spines: 1;
Anal
soft rays: 8 - 9. Head flattened, lower jaw projecting; body pale without longitudinal lines (Ref. 4967). Dorsal fins with small spots forming longitudinal stripes (Ref. 2798). Pelvic fins jointed but attached to the body only from their anterior part. The body is brownish yellow with 5 to 6 dark and rounded spots on its sides. Some specimens living on dark substrates can be very dark also. Some living on very light substrates show an ivory coloration. Dorsal fins are light with brownish spots. Pelvic fins are grey. Pectorals and caudal are grey and often hyaline (Ref. 48660).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
3.7 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100)
Price category